Running Head Dynamic Writing - 1611 Words

Running head: DYNAMIC WRITING IN THE CONTENT AREAS 1 Dynamic Writing in the Content Areas Joshua Dresser University of Phoenix Dynamic Writing in the Content Areas This paper will explore dynamic writing in the content area of music through the use of writing-to-learn strategies and fulfill the requirements of the third option of the Dynamic Writing in the Content Areas assignment in RDG543. A brief survey of journaling strategies found online will be reviewed, various journaling techniques will be examined in the context of a typical learning objective for a high school music appreciation course, and strategies for pairing ICTs and journaling will be outlined. For structural organization and clarity, a detailed explanation of each assignment component will be listed under the section headings of this paper. Review of Internet Sources When researching online examples of journaling in the music content area, the most common results found were lesson plans authored by teachers, graduate students, and school boards in the form of PDFs and documents. The point of the online search was to uncover types of journaling strategies, many of which are outlined in the textbook Content Area Reading, catered specifically for the music content area. The online search did not yield research-based, online resources for journaling strategies to increase achievement specifically in music, but did yield some articles and lesson plans relevant to this areaShow MoreRelatedBecoming A Registered Nurse Requires1357 Words   |  6 Pagesmany more. This particular major doesn’t require much of a particular style of writing since everything in computerized today. Everything is charted and has become short, sweet and to the point. 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Such dynamic narrative approach compresses space, likeRead MoreFreud s Worst Ni ghtmare Perfect Sex Dream1021 Words   |  5 Pagesinspired by his theories and writings, Freud refused to become involved with films and filmmaking, and even avoided being captured on camera in his daughter’s home videos. The reason for this hatred however, is neglected and left questionable by Creed. The author points out that early cinema was known for stretching the boundaries on narrative filmmaking by incorporating elements of sex, desire, and eroticism, which were, of course, main focuses of Freud’s countless writings. She continues her analysisRead MoreThe Brazos Valley Symphony Orchestra1422 Words   |  6 Pagesfor emotional appeal with the legato articulation combined with a moderately slow tempo, which provided a calm and consistent theme throughout the piece. The beginning starts out very soft, and the volume builds from piano to forte, with powerful dynamic accents typically before the change of volume. There are also two obvious climaxes that change up the somewhat stagnant harmony that remains throughout the piece. The second song is called, â€Å"Follow the Drinking Gourd,† and Jonathan B McNair revisesRead MoreRumor of War Book Review1614 Words   |  7 Pagesinto an aged disillusioned man. The words Caputo uses give the sense of involvement, the sense of being right there with the troops, seeing what they see, feeling what they feel, but really, we are never even close. Caputo has humble intentions for writing the novel. He wants us to see what he saw and try to understand what happened from another perspective. The words he uses and the way he ties them together are full of passion. Only through a thorough reading of the novel can one appreciate the work

An Effective Adjunct Therapy For Eating Disorders

Parents of youth struggling with eating disorders often struggle alongside their children to find treatment plans, professionals, and lifestyle changes that will help their children make strides towards recovery. Researchers consistently study various treatments, preventative strategies, and scientific findings regarding eating disorders. Incorporating yoga into eating disorder recovery plans has become common, and has proven results for improving body image, and reducing levels of anxiety and depression that often accompany eating disorders. Yoga is an effective adjunct therapy for eating disorder patients, and can have significant results when combined with traditional medical treatments. Yoga originated in India, and is a practice†¦show more content†¦Those with eating disorders need to understand their bodily sensations, which impact decision making, body perception, and thought processes. They often experience a disconnect from their body and through mindfulness, moveme nt, and breathing techniques, yoga helps rebuild that connection. The mindful practice of yoga allows students to differentiate between â€Å"thoughts† and â€Å"bodily sensations†. By learning that a single physical sensation can connect to a variety of behaviors and thoughts, individuals can strengthen a tool critical to eating disorder recovery; choice. Understanding the body and the signals it sends can help patients better understand their options, and ability to choose healthy ones. Additionally, the burden of suffering from an eating disorder, and of the complex recovery process can result in a great amount of stress. Yoga research consistently yields that stress reduction is one of its proven benefits. The goal of yoga is not to avoid suffering or fix problems, but to nourish oneself during suffering, a goal that profoundly relates to the needs of eating disorder patients (Pacanowski, Diers, Crosby Neumark-Sztainer, 2016). Exercise is critical to a healthy li festyle, but in the case of those suffering from eating disorders, exercise can be a dangerous avenue towards caloric expenditure. Yoga is a gentle physical activity that provides benefits of exercise to the body without weight loss as a priority or result. In a six to twelve weekShow MoreRelatedCognitive Behavior Therapy1349 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Behavior Therapy Developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck,  Cognitive Therapy (CT), or Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), is a form of psychotherapy in which the therapist and the client work together as a team to identify and solve problems. Therapists help clients to overcome their difficulties by changing their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. A System of Psychotherapy Cognitive therapy is a comprehensive system of psychotherapy, and treatment is based on an elaborated and empiricallyRead MoreMental Illness And Musicians : Writing A Song Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesproducing something of artistic significance. By that logic, a more emotional person should also be a more creative one. But what about those with bipolar disorder? Wouldn’t their periods of mania be a sort of creative gold mine? Mental illness can drive creativity and can be proven through the examination of established musicians, the use of music as therapy, and the chemical structure of the brain itself. Neurotransmitters in the brain can give researchers insight as to why people feel theRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophreniform Disorder1630 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the DSM-5 (2013), the characteristic symptoms of schizophreniform disorder, such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms, may present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period. Martin is a 21 year-old college student and he had psychotic symptoms, specifically delusions and hallucinations over the past few weeks. Martin’s family and friends have overheard him whispering in an agitated voiceRead MoreA Short Note On The Ovary Syndrome ( Pcos ) Is An Endocrine Disorder Affecting Women Of Reproductive Age998 Words   |  4 PagesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, and hirsutism. 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The Nicaraguan and Cuban Revolution Free Essays

Nicaragua, the state with the least â€Å"fertile dirt for the proliferation of Left groups† , was the lone state where a revolution prevailed following the Cuban Revolution ( 4 ) . Despite many similarities between Cuba and Nicaragua, they established rather distinguishable revolutions. InSandinista, Matilde Zimmermann, frequently compares and contrasts the FSLN motion with the Cuban Revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nicaraguan and Cuban Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now In add-on, she besides provides non merely a thorough survey of the military and ideological leader Carlos Fonseca, but offers insight into the development of the FSLN. Unlike the Cuban Revolution, the Nicaraguan revolution under the leading of the FSLN was chiefly a societal revolution. Harmonizing to Zimmermann, the FSLN of Carlos Fonseca was responsible for mobilising the Nicaraguans into a societal revolution. However, following Fonseca’s decease, Zimmermann attributes the death of the revolution to the fact that the Sandinistas failed to follow Fonseca’s vision. Although Cuba and Nicaragua both suffered from inhibitory and weak democratic establishments, their revolutions are distinguishable. On the one manus, Cuba experienced a political revolution. The societal ends of the revolutionists were 2nd to the political 1s and remained mistily defined even after 1959. The revolution in Nicaragua was a societal revolution. The bulk of the Nicaraguan population massively supported the actions of the FSLN. The same can non be said about Cuba, where the bulk of the Cuban population was non mobilized by the Rebels. The radical battle against Somoza was marked by category struggle and the resistance against Batista was non. Despite the differences, the Cuban revolution in peculiar the leading of Che Guevara and Fidel Castro had a important impact on the development of Carlos Fonseca’s political political orientation. Zimmermann argues that the Cuban revolution had a profound influence on Fonseca’s thought and the Sandinista motion ( 9 ) . The voluntarism of Che Guevara and the personal appeal of Fidel Castro captured the attending of Third World hereafter revolutionists. For Fonseca, the triumph of the Cuban Revolution convinced him that revolution was possible and that a new organisation was needed to take it ( 56 ) . Fonseca found a hero in Che Guevara and became influenced by Che’s Hagiographas. Fonseca set out to double the Cuban triumph in Nicaragua. Similar to Fidel Castro’s usage of Jose Marti in Cuba, Fonseca appealed to the nationalist image of Augusto Sandino. Sandino’s battle in the 1930s divine Fonseca and as a consequence Sandino became a Nicaraguan rallying symbol for the revolution ( 61 ) . Fonseca’s political authorship remained committed to both socialist revolution and national release from imperialism. Sandino and Che Guevara were the two most of import influences on Fonseca’s political idea. Guevara’s Marxism and Sandino’s patriotism became rooted in a motion capable of doing a successful revolution. Carlos Fonseca’s political political orientation became woven into early FSLN literature and philosophy. Carlos Fonseca was really much the motivation force behind the Sandinistas. In the Historic Program, Fonseca outlined his doctrine of encompassing the experiences of the Nicaraguan workers and provincials. This doctrine was cardinal to the FSLN initial platform ( 208 ) . Unlike the 26th of July Movement, whose forces merely represented a minority of the Cuban population, the Sandinista alliance was genuinely representative of the lower sector of Nicaraguan society. From the get downing the FSLN was organized chiefly to stand for workers, provincials, and the urban hapless. They believed in educating the lower category by transfusing in them an apprehension of Nicaraguan history, which taught them about the Nicaraguan battle against imperialism ( 191 ) . In add-on, this doctrine contributed to the entreaty of the FSLN and helped mobilise immature activists. Throughout the sixtiess, Fonseca and the little group of vernal revolutionists launched a guerrilla motion. Fonseca helped form g uerilla units, recruited clandestinely for future action, and endured prison. Despite the frequent lickings, Fonseca’s strength and dedication to the cause helped keep the integrity of the organisation during long periods of belowground being. In the late seventiess, the members of the FSLN became divided and frequently argued over scheme and tactics. Zimmerman demonstrates that Fonseca understood the grounds for the divisions and differ with the cabals ( 184 ) . In 1975, Fonseca returned to Nicaragua to repair the rifts in the FSLN and to re-validate his leading. However, Fonseca died on his manner to a jungle acme meeting he called with the purpose of mending the divisions. Following his decease, the factional struggle became significantly worse. The three different cabals in the FSLN: the Insurrectional Tendency, the Prolonged People’s War, and the Proletarian Tendency, strayed off from the Historic Program designed by Fonseca ( 208 ) . In add-on the FSLN became more moderate. Zimmerman argues that the 1978 revision of the 1969 Historic Program foreshadowed a continual series of via medias intended to lenify the national businessperson resistance ( 208 ) . The FSLN bit by bit abandoned their ain radical docket. In 1979, the Sandinistas succeeded in subverting the Somoza government. The FSLN without Fonseca lost Fonseca’s focal point on apprehension and reacting to hapless Nicaraguans and their diverse signifiers of development. Rather than prosecuting them as radical topics, they made the multitudes the object of radical policy, a displacement that produced opposition instead than dialogue. In add-on, the arguments that gave rise to the FSLN cabals remained integral within the nine leaders of the National Directorate ( 226 ) . The Directorate lost sight about what was best for Nicaraguan workers and provincials. Although the FSLN claimed to be regulating in the involvement of workers and provincials, their refusal to convey new leaders from oppressed societal categories to the Directorate did non back up their claim. In the 1990s, National Directorate led to another split. That, along with the civil war took a important political toll on the FSLN. In February 1990, after a disruptive decennary in power, the FSLN was voted out of office when Conservative leader Violeta Chamorro round Daniel Ortega in the presidential race ( 228 ) . By taking to concentrate on the political vision and political orientation of Carlos Fonseca, Zimmermann was able to explicate the flight of the Nicaraguan Revolution as a gradual procedure. Carlos Fonseca was influenced significantly from the successes of the Cuban Revolution. Although certain facets of the Cuban Revolution were different, it did supply Fonseca with a political design of how he planned on conveying about a revolution in Nicaragua. Fonseca’s thoughts were to a great extent influenced by the instructions of Che Guevara and Augusto Sandino. He chose to concentrate on the Nicaraguan workers and provincials. This doctrine became the FSLN initial political platform. The early FSLN under Fonseca used this platform to make out to the laden categories and mobilized them against the Somoza Regime. Following the decease of Fonseca, the FSLN in power became more moderate, to a great extent divided, and bit by bit strayed away from Fonseca’s vision. By 1990, the FS LN had wholly changed. They still honored Fonseca as a radical icon, but they no longer incorporated his doctrines into their policies. The FSLN in power shifted off from the involvements of the workers and provincials which created much opposition. Zimmermann finally argues that it was the Sandinistas’ treachery of the thoughts and illustrations of Carlos Fonseca that attributed to the death of the revolution. How to cite The Nicaraguan and Cuban Revolution, Essay examples

Sports in the Renaissance Essay Example For Students

Sports in the Renaissance Essay The Renaissance was a rebirth of Greek and Roman times. The Renaissance period was mixture of Greek and Roman ideas. The renaissance started in Italy, since it was the center of the Roman Empire. The Renaissance was a time of creativity and change in many different areas. As the Renaissance ideas grew and became popular, it soon spread over most of Europe. The Renaissance started in 1350, and ended in 1650. The topic I chose was sports. Sports in the renaissance were hard and rough, and even deadly in some sports. The ancient Greek Olympic Games created wrestling. Wrestling made its Olympic start in the Games of 708 B. C. It was a much more violent, punishing sport in the early days, when it had closer ties to military training. Wrestling spread through the Roman world, and became popular in the Renaissance period. Grappling and wrestling have a long tradition in Europe. In the early 1 sass, many soldiers, scholars, priests, and nobles wrote how wrestling was important in preparing aristocratic youth for military service. During the renaissance, wrestling remained popular in Europe and it was enjoyed. Many monarchs went to the wrestling matches for entertainment. Jousting is a competition between two knights or men on horseback, and each knight rises to knock the other off his horse. Jousting was at its all-time high popularity in the 14th to 16th century. The two knights that were going head to head were equipped with three weapons. A lance, a one-handed sword, and a shield. When one knight was knocked off his horse, he was considered the winner of the round. If both knights were knocked off their horse at the same time, it was considered a tie, and they would start a sword fight on the ground, and the last one standing was considered the winner. The knights usually Jousted a best out of three matches. Jousting tournaments were held as military exercises between various nobles. Some tournaments started peacefully but often turned into bloody battles between rivals. Winning a tournament was a way for a lowborn knight to become popular and win riches. The sport that was most popular among the middle class people was football and hurling. Football, in the renaissance, was played on a rectangular field, between two teams who defended the lines that marked the ends of the field. The object of the game was to throw the ball from player to player, moving forward, and eventually to throw it beyond the opponents goal-line. The defending side was allowed to tackle and kick. Football in the renaissance was much rougher in the renaissance period then it is today, with all sorts of injuries, anywhere from minor to fatal. Also football back then was very hectic. There were no limits to the number of players on the field. And also there were no lines on the field. Keep in mind they didnt have any equipment in renaissance football. Football was called a friendly game of fight. form was played with a box ball. There were fifteen to thirty players per side, and the object of the game was to pick up the ball and run it through to the goal, passing the ball to teammates mates if tackled. This game is kind of like modern day rugby. The second version was played with wooden sticks and a ball. The ball was hit through the air and into a goal; it was kind of like modern day hockey. The sports of renaissance times werent organized as much as they are today. Sports in the renaissance had barely any protection so it was very dangerous back then. Sports today have a lot more protection and are more organized then sports in the Renaissance. Sports and games took a big part of importance in the society of Europe. Sports werent Just a sport, but a teaching and practicing skills that could be seed for battle or survival. The government of Europe regulated sports. .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 , .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 .postImageUrl , .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 , .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188:hover , .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188:visited , .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188:active { border:0!important; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188:active , .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188 .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ac998b8dec7bdb4bf26575005262188:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: political ideas of the renaissanceThose of rank were expected to take part because sporting events trained men for war. Sporting events were entertainment for all different kinds of people, anywhere from the low class to upper class. Sports in the Renaissance connects to present day sports because most of our present day sports have originated from the sports in the Renaissance for example Hockey originated from a form of Hurling, American football originated from happiest, etc. Also as technology got better there is more protective equipment that makes sports safer and more organized.

20 Environmental Essay Topics for Your College Assignment

20 Environmental Essay Topics for Your College Assignment Environmental Science is at the heart of research which focuses on various alternative energy systems, pollution control, pollution reduction, management of resources and assessing global warming. Environmental issues need to be analyzed while keeping a lot of things in mind such as physics, biology and chemistry. Through this study allows for a systematic analysis report on these environmental problems. That’s why environmental scientists are tasked with creating analysis while keeping the space, time relationships and quantitative research in mind. In the previous guide, we discussed 10 facts on environmental science for a definition essay; we wanted to go a step further to assist you with the topic selection: World Food Problems and Their Effects on the Environment Utilization and Sustainable Management of Water Resources Consumption Patterns of Water Usage throughout the World The Pros and Cons of Various Energy Types How Is Fossil Fuel, Oil, Coal, Nuclear Power and Natural Gas Destroying the Environment? What Resources Can the Forest Offer? What Is the Role of an Individual in Conserving Energy and Water Resources? How can Renewable Energy Helps the Natural Environment of Underdeveloped Countries? Advantages of Multidisciplinary Studies in Solving Environmental Problems What Are the Causes of Land Degradation and How Can They be Controlled? What Is the Control Measure of Air, Soil and Water Pollution? Environmental Consequences of Deforestation Endangered Endemic Animal Species of the World Effects and Control Measure of Nuclear Hazards How Can Food Security be Achieved? Untapped Energy Sources The Causes of Decline in Food resources The Causes of Desertification and How Can it Be Controlled How to Curb Environmental Problems Caused by Dams The Threats to Biodiversity in Todays World You are now armed with ten highly informative facts on Environmental Science and 20 topics that can be narrowed down to specific environmental science topics. Environmental Science is a substantive and active field through which systematic research is performed. It is an amalgamation of several disciplines and because of it being interdisciplinary it becomes possible to solve the intricate issues of the environment. It also helped develop certain environmental laws through which various environmental investigation protocols were established. Environmental Science has also helped establish a trend of public awareness towards the threats of climate change caused by environmental problems. We are now going to write an essay on one of the topics mentioned above so that you can understand how to research and put your piece together. Just so you know, our next guide focuses on: how to write an extended definition essay on environmental science. Sample Environmental Essay: How Can Food Security Be Achieved? Food security basically assures the continuation of access to food, regardless of race or class, at all times for the sake of a healthy life. The number of people that die from starvation, dietary deficiencies or malnutrition throughout the world sits at a staggering 18 million. The earth has a limited amount of food and if this pattern of insufficient food production continues, we’re looking at a growing population with pressing needs and the possibility of riots and anarchy spreading uncontrollably. Population growth needs to be kept in check if food security is to be achieved. Other factors tying into food security include the availability of water, active farming, equal distribution and reasonable consumption of food. It is very important that small scale farmers are properly incentivized so that the culture of farming continues to thrive. The international community also needs to come together to ease trade related restrictions. Long term food security can be achieved through protecting and conserving wild crop variants in wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. According to a study if conservation isn’t taken seriously, by the year 2025 around 60,000 plant species will go extinct, which accounts for roughly 25% of the world’s crops. Environmental scientists are currently working on a second green revolution so that food security is assured for the future. According to scientists, this new revolution should be based on proper water management, equity, biodiversity, conservation of cultivars, environmental sensitivity and complete protection of wild crops. It is very important that farming methods are revised. Chemical agriculture is harmful to the environment and it is crucial for the sake of long term food security that a shift is made to organic farming through the practice of integrated nutrient management and pest management. Not only that but urban settings can also be utilized to grow vegetables and fruits by using waste household water and fertilizer. The land’s degradation and desertification needs to be stopped and water pollution needs to be reversed. Similarly, the soil needs to go through an expansive conservation processes relative to current farming methodologies. It needs to be enhanced using organic matter, management of watersheds and rotation of crops at a very micro level. This is the only way to achieve agricultural production needs. Population control is also a major requirement in order to keep the food supply effective. A large number of newly born babies go through malnutrition; the literacy rate should be improved in the female population particularly, so that they understand what nutrition their newborns need. Overall, the need for awareness towards the management of food has become very important as a lot of food goes to waste simply due to negligence. References: Wagner, T., Sanford, R. M. (2010). Environmental Science: Active Learning Laboratories And Applied Problem Sets. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Friedland, A. (2015). Environmental Science For AP. Place of publication not identified: W H Freeman. Karr, S., Interlandi, J., Houtman, A. M. (n.d.). Environmental science for a changing world. Wright, R. T., Boorse, D. (2011). Environmental Science: Toward A Sustainable Future. Boston: Benjamin Cummings. Withgott, J., Laposata, M. (2014). Environment The Science Behind The Stories. Boston, Mass.: Pearson. Enger, E. D., Smith, B. F. (n.d.). Environmental science: A study of interrelationships. Cunningham, W. P., Cunningham, M. A. (n.d.). Environmental science: A global concern.

Subjective points of view essays

Subjective points of view essays This issue can come from both the relativist and subjectivist points of view. It is a subjective point of view because it is talking about two people, President George Bush and presidential candidate John Kerry as individuals that are running for the head office and control of the United States of America. Although, it can be seen as more than just two people running for President but as two different parties or cultures, the Democratic and Republican Parties who fighting for office and essentially control over the United Stats for the next four years. An example of a subjective point of view from the democratic point of view would be that Kerry speaks of Bush having no credibility with foreign leaders and therefore not able to control the world in a respectable way. While a relativist point of view would be that Kerry states the Bush administration is a do nothing presidency... who has done nothing to create jobs [or] has done nothing to relieve the burden of the middle class. Another example of a relativist view point would be that the war in Iraq is all a mess because of George bush and Dick Cheney as stated by John Edwards. The first example is directed toward Bush personally while the last two examples were for the Republican Party that is now in office. On the other side the Republican Party speaks of Kerry and the Democratic Party as flip-flops because Kerry cannot make up his mind on any key issues, as he has changed his position on the war in Iraq at least nine times and therefore his statements are hardly creditable at all. I believe that the Arguments can come from either point of view depending on how a person looks at the situation and how deep they read into it. ...

BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) Security Concerns Research Paper

BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) Security Concerns - Research Paper Example Based on above therefore, the following essay tries to explain how BYOD is of merits and demerits as far as security in an organization is concerned (Hayes 2013 pg114). Based on the merits, BYOD helps reduce expense for employees. Based on be almost 80 dollars per employee within a month for devise, cellular access among others. This allows companies to record their employees’ investments in devices. In addition, it enhances their security measures within the enterprise. Furthermore, BYOD helps in improvement of employees’ engagement. This is because they can use devices, which they are well, versed with and know how to use. Finally yet importantly, it allows the companies to take advantage of newer technologies in the market. The resultant here is reduced cost and promotion of collaboration among people (Guerin 2013 pg87). In relation to above merits many challenges arise which are of defense concerns. The first challenge is the ease loss of these devices. In relation, the relatively portability and small size of these devices and the information stored on them exposes them to higher risk of getting lost or get stolen. In addition, the weakness of passwords and operating system defenses on customer devices largely contribute to these risks. In relation to this, data leakage also becomes a threat (Hayes 2013 pg119). Moreover, the storage of important data assets on employee-owned devices poses a great threat to enterprises due to anticipated or inadvertent of sensitive information. These may include private consumer information and proprietary organization information. Thus, these sensitive data downloaded onto a personally owned device goes through easy sharing or get stored with less or no security. Therefore, it may lead to exposure of the company to the risk of data breach (Bartz 2012 pg165). In addition to above, the employment of this trend in a company introduces new governance challenges that can lead to other fatal risks within that

Financial Analysis of General Electric CO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Analysis of General Electric CO - Essay Example GE is investing in cleaner technologies and being recognized for the effort. GE Company is well managed. The data are mostly positive over the years. The company is showing growth in all the areas. It is also low geared and showing positive growth in profitability, liquidity, efficiency measurements. The company seems to be in the maturity phase. Analysts are positive about the growth of the company. So, the company has not topped its potential as yet. Appendix 1. Return on Investment (ROI) = {Profit before taxes (PBIT) / Investment (total assets - current liabilities)} 2006: {24,620 / (697,239 - 220,514)} x 100; 2005: {22,696 / (673,321 - 204,970)} x 100 2. Gross Profit Ratio = (Gross Profit) / Total Revenues) x 100 2006: (89,281 / 163, 391) x 100 ; 2005: (81,142 / 147,956) x 100 3. Return on Equity (ROE) = {Profit after taxes / Shareholder's Equity }x 100 2006: (20,666 / 112,314) x 100 ; 2005: (18,661 / 109,351) x 100 4. Earnings per share (given) 5. Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities 2006: (438,728 - 220,514) ; 2005: (378,269 - 204,970) 6. Current Ratio = Current Assets : Current Liabilities 2006: (438,728 / 220,514) ; 2005: (378,269 / 204,970) 7. Acid Test (or Quick) Ratio = Quick Assets : Current Liabilities (Quick Assets = Current Assets - Equity) 2006: (390,902 / 220,514) ; 2005: (336,121 / 204,970) 8. Total Asset Turnover = Revenue / Total Assets (fixed + current) (times) 2006: (163,391 / 697,239) ; 2005: (147,956 / 673,321) 9. Fixed Asset Turnover = Revenue / Fixed Assets (times) 2006: (163,391 / 258,511) ; 2005: (147,956 / 295052) 10. Cash Turnover Ratio = Total Revenues / Cash Balance s (times) (Cash Balances = Cash + Accounts Receivables) 2006: (163,391 / 28,229) ; 2005: (147,956 / 23,676) 11. Gearing ratio = {Total Debt Capital / (Total Debt Capital + Equity ) }x 100 2006: {432,957 / (432,957 + 112,314)}x100 ; 2005: {370,437 /

A Rose for Emily- William Faulkner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Rose for Emily- William Faulkner - Essay Example Faulkner opened the story with the incident of Emily’s funeral and the townsfolk’s curiosity to see the inside of her house. The events that led to Emily’s behavior would be proffered to rationalize the climax manifesting the death of Emily’s object of affection. Emily’s character continues to intrigue analysts in terms of her being a villain or the victim in the story. The story was set in the county seat of Yoknapatawpha, Jefferson where focus was placed on Emily’s house, intricately described and used as a one of the prominent symbols of the story. A general setting was exhibited where events, especially the outcome of the tragic death of Homer and its discovery, unfolded through time. The point of view of †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢our whole town’ emerges the narrator of the story who poses an interesting limited omniscient narrating position for Faulkner to control. The author designates this narrator both as part of the "our whole town" and part of the supposed objectivity through whom the reader must envision the story† (Curry, 392).

Justification and critisism of Transformational Leadership

Justification and critisism of Transformational Leadership Leadership can be described as an important quality of a person, a vital attribute for an organisation or a key source for an effective team towards attaining success. In these ways, leadership occupies its space in different fields and proves to be important in several aspects. The role of a leader is very important in a management field in terms of taking the organisation towards success or failure, as Drucker (1985) defines Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things. According to Cox (2001), the leadership has been classified into two types: Transformational and Transactional. This differentiation was initially made by Downtown (1973, as cited in Barnett, McCormick and Conners, 2001). Transformational leader to be briefly explained is the one who possess a good vision and commitment towards success and motivates his followers and encourage them to increase their work potential. Whereas a transactional leader works in a task oriented manner and behave rigid with no place for personal emotions. In this modern world, business culture changes more rapidly prior to time and it is mandatory that skill and custom of the leadership has to adapt these changes. Heiftz and Laurie (1997) claim that: Instead of maintaining standard, leaders have to challenge the style of doing business and facilitate others in order to distinguish immutable values from historical practices that must go. In this essay, certain counter arguments for transformational leadership are critically analysed and a position has been adopted that transformational leadership is better in the current business atmosphere. The reasons are articulated with characteristic feature of transformational leadership. This is further justified with the explanation of some successful facts about notable transformational leaders and their success in their business. Criticisms of Transformational leadership: Transformational leadership being one of the best leadership models has some criticisms regarding several factors like personality, complication, clarity and other factors. Johnson and Kepner (2002) explain the key criticism within transformational leadership is that, it possesses high probability for the abuse of power. This is concerned with morality of leadership, as in terms of emotional perspective a transformational leader influence his follower. If the direction or the path tends to be in wrong track, then it would result in bad consequences. Further Bass (1997) notifies that, transformational leadership lacks the quality of ensuring and balancing the respective interests and influences that might facilitate to avoid dictatorship and minority suppression. Some notable examples of this model are Adolf Hitler, Osama bin laden and Rev Jim Jones who was the main role in massive Jonestown suicide. These are the people considered to be the negative side of transformational leadershi p. The second critic is that, transformational leadership is more often concentrated in developing an individual personality trait rather than a conduct through which people may be instructed (Bryman, 1992). This result in a difficult situation to train people in this approach, as most of the people will find complicated to adopt this quality. Since transformational leadership is a combination of several leadership models, it is more complicated to understand the concept and teach. In a transformational leadership, the leader is considered as a visionary idol and the leader involve in the business process along with his followers. This creates a dilemma in viewing the leadership in a trait perspective. The third critic provided by Avolio (1999) is that, the transformational leadership is discriminatory and autocratic. This further brings to another critic, the lack of conceptual clarity. The transformational leadership covers a wide range of activities like motivation, inspiration, buil ding trust and furthermore, this creates confusion in terms of concept when compared to other leadership model, as Bryman (1992) pointed out that transformational and charismatic leadership are often considered to be identical with respect to their qualities. The fourth argument is about dimensions of transformational leadership as not clearly mentioned. A scientific research by Tracey and Hinkin (1998) has shown considerable intersections among the dimensions of transformational leadership; it notifies that the dimensions are not clearly defined and complicated to measure. The final critic deals with regards to ethics, describing that transformational leadership suppresses the minorities of an organisation. Keeley (2001) believes that the only way to prevent harm done to the followers by the managers is to avoid the managers from uniting towards a common interest or goal. This ethical statement put forwards an action which is contradictory of what transformational leaders are suppo sed to do. These are some of the critical arguments by various researchers in the business field. The upcoming statements provide a justification for transformational leadership and some counter arguments for the above given critical statements. Justification for transformational leadership: Reviewing the critics arguments, a question arises whether the transformational leadership could be followed by an organisation to run efficiently. A position has been adopted for transformational leadership in this essay and the facts are described and clearly articulated. The first point of criticism review the morality and misleading of power by transformational leadership. Bass (2006) explains the classification in transformational leadership as socialised and personalized characteristics in the book Transformational leadership. The leaders using their abilities to inspire and lead their followers to a wrong path are termed to be pseudo transformational leaders. They possess similar elements as that of transformational leaders, but the motive would be personal and exploitative. It depends upon the individual characteristics in determining or choosing their motive and path, the concept of transformational leadership cannot be blamed. People regarding pseudo transformational model were discussed in the previous section; some examples of leaders who led a constructive path of transformational leadership are Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela etc. Transformational leadership concentrates in developing individual personality trait and it is difficult to understand and teach the concept was another critic. The significant feature of transformational leadership is that, it concentrates the development of follower and tries to enrich their personality. It encourages and involves inspiring followers to commit to a shared vision and goal of the organisation. A transformational leader encourages others to become leaders; as a result the entire organisation will be filled with people possessing effective leadership qualities, Kelly (2003). Furthermore, transformational leader motivates his followers to be innovative in problem solving and develop followers leadership qualities by coaching, mentoring and providing both challenge and support. According to (Leithwood, as cited in Cashin et al, 2000, p.1) Transformational leadership is that which: helps to redefine an individual mission and vision, thereby renewing their commitment and re structure the system for accomplishing the goal. This result in a mutual co-ordination within a leader and follower, where the follower grooms his qualities of leadership and the leader transform himself as a moral agent. Hence transformational leadership must be grounded in moral foundations. Regarding the issue about conceptual clarity, transformational leadership has much in similar characteristic features as that of charismatic leadership. The charisma is a part of transformational leader, it is considered to be a factor which correlates with idealized influence (one of transformational leadership 4Is). It is generally classified as socialized and personalized categories. For an organisation to perform better, Howell and Avolio (1993), authentic charismatic or transformational leaders must be socialised leaders. Under transformational leadership, there are four vital organisational activities performed. Making a compelling case for change in order to heighten followers sensitivity towards organisational change, inspire shared vision in order to attain new and better future, leading new changes and embedding the same. Certain critics notice transformational leadership as discriminatory and autocratic and a questionnaire whether it is directive or participative. Weber (1 947) emphasized that during the period of crises transformational leader directed dependent followers with essential solutions towards the problem; high inspirational leaders were extremely directive in terms of their process and approach. This clearly illustrates that, depending upon the situation a leader has to be either directive or participative in order to perform the task efficiently. The issues concerned to dimensions of transformational leadership, the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) by Bass and Avolio (2000) provides a solution for this critic. The MLQ is used in measurement or determination of the dimensions for this leadership, which are Idealised influence, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation. The ethical issue about the transformational leadership is about suppressing minorities. Being researched for over 25 years, in transformational leadership the objective is to convert individual attention towards larger cause. It results in transformation from selfishness to cooperative concern. The significant feature of this leadership model is that, it focuses on common goal (Ethics, 133). An effective team work is concentrated where majorities and minorities are in the same platform to attain an objective. Successful Transformational leaders: Transformational leadership model proves to be efficient not only in business, but in all other sectors where it is implemented. In order to strengthen the position of transformational leadership, so examples from the past and present are portrayed in this essay. In a historical perspective, Yates (2002) describes about Genghis khan. During the late 12th and 13th century, this man struggled for the unification of the Mongol tribes, which was one of the largest land empires. The mode of leadership used was transformational at that period of time. In terms of business field, Lou Gerstner- the former chairman and CEO of IBM is one of the best examples for transformational leadership. One of the notable events at IBM under Gerstner leadership is: recovery from the companys loss of $1.8 billion in 1993 and making IBM as one of the largest private corporation in IT sector during that period of time. Sheppard (2002) describes that, Gerstner completely rectified the organisational culture an d took IBM to certain heights. Regarding the field of government and military contexts, General Colin Powell overcame the notorious racism in United States military and amidst low expectations became the United States chiefs of staff in 1989. He is the first Afro-American to become the U.S Secretary of State in 1991. Chekwa (2001) notifies that with the vision and qualities of transformational leader, Powell attained this position. Conclusion: The image and the research concerned to transformational leadership might be relatively recent, but demonstration and research of its characteristics and features has been done years back. It is proved that  transformational leaders have great capability to increase the performance beyond expectations and thereby able to make massive changes among individuals and organizations. In this essay, analysing most of the critics statement it has been justified that transformational leadership is stated to be better in a business perspective. When compared with other leadership styles like transactional or autocratic, transformational leadership addresses an individual needs, while the transactional leadership addresses the organisational process and the functioning is more often considered to be monopoly in nature. The decisions made are concerned only with the leader, success and failure occurs in an equal probability. While transformational leadership indulges effective team work, the leader motivates his follower and provides constructive feedback. The significant feature is that, feedback is expected from the follower too thus creating a two way communication. In the current world, transformational leadership is highly recognised and practised by executives in modern organisation. The current business scenario is influenced by insecurity, global commotion and organisational volatility, for which transformational leadership would be a better solution to deal these factors efficiently.

Skydiving History and Today Essay -- essays research papers fc

The first ideas of freefall did not consider the evolution of human body flight that skydiving has become today. In fact, Leonardo Da Vinci, who we now consider the â€Å"Father of the Parachute,† designed the first conceivable sketch of a parachute. His original idea was to build a device to rescue people from burning buildings, not knowing what his impact may be on the sport six centuries later. Andre Jacques Garnerin is recorded to make the first exhibition jump in Paris from a balloon on October 27,1797. However, sport parachuting began with the first recorded freefall in 1914 by a woman named Georgia (Tiny) Broadwick. Until this time, a static line was used to deploy parachutes. Broadwick was giving the first demonstration of a parachute jump to the US government. After her initial three static line jumps, her fourth resulted in a static line/aircraft entanglement. Therefore, on her fifth jump, she decided not to use the static line. After cutting the static line, she left enough to pull the parachute pack open on her own after exiting the airplane. After this feat of freefall, the US Army Signal Corps initiated a new era in aviation safety procedures. In Tiny’s career, she accumulated over 1,100 skydives, set numerous records, and set the standard for those following in her footsteps. In 1973, Broadwick celebrated her eightieth birthday at Perris Valley Skydi ving in California. After watching everyone else land she commented, â€Å"Boy, I always landed in trees, swamps, rivers and mud holes. Sure is something else seeing all these kids land right where they want to!† (www.parachutehistory.com/women/broadwickt.html) Real controlled freefall began with the French and is brought to the United States by Jacque Istel in the late 1950’s. Istel and Lew Sanborn (USPA License D-1) were the first to introduce the idea that military airborne training was not the only way to make a parachute jump, civilians can have structure too. Originally coined the â€Å"French Frog† position, it has now morphed into what skydivers now know as the â€Å"Box Man† position. During freefall, the jumper is oriented stomach to earth, making ninety-degree angles with his elbows, shoulders, and knees. Although Sanborn and Istel introduced the first three-hour jump course in 1957, until the mid 1960’s many people still obtained parachutes and... ... of â€Å"boogies† where skydivers gather funds to benefit a worthy cause. From MS to breast cancer (Jump for the Cause boogie) jumpers are willing to give back to the sport and community in any way possible. Demo skydives are often performed during football games in stadiums, or air shows. Children are inspired and intrigued by parachutists, and the Golden Knights Demonstration Team knows just that. Performing 200 demo’s a year, the Knights will jump and speak at baseball games, high schools, and air shows. Skydiving is an endeavor that gives freedom, unrestricted flight, and most importantly all jumpers are fully aware that there is no such thing as a perfectly good airplane. "And once you have tasted flight, you will walk the earth with your eyes turned skywards, for there you have been, and there you long to return" (Leonardo Da Vinci). Works Cited The Parachute Manual Volume II; Poynter, Dan. Pp. 564-566. Parachutist, April 2004. pp. 54-59. http://www.skydivecairns.com/au/history.htm http://www.parachutehistory.com/skydive/comp/worldmeet/wpc.html http://www.parachutehistory.com/skydive/comp/worldmeet/1958rules.html http://www.parachutehistory.com/women/broadwickt.html

Century Genius/Stephen Hawking

The Logical Insurrection Computing Engine was built in 1958. He attended college on scholarships and focused on physics and mathematics. However he showed strong interest in theories. Especially those theories of Einstein; and the theory of relativity and the study of cosmology. In 1963 he met his first wife Jane Wiled and in 1995 they got married but divorced in 1991. Stephen began getting sick when he and Jane got married so the testing began and the news came back that Stephen had ALAS.He was told he had two years to live however he is alive to date. ALAS attacks the nerves and speaking ability, walking, breathing, and swallowing. Stephen communicates with a computer that is connected to his wheelchair. During his marriage token they had three children. The marriage didn't last and they divorced in 1991. He then married Elaine Mason which he divorced in 2006. Hawking worked for 30 years at Cambridge as the Lucian Chair of Mathematics. Sir Isaac Newton once held that position as we ll.Stephens has been the world leader in research on black holes, the birth of the universe, and the nature of space, time and gravity. He has written many best-selling books which have sold millions of copies. â€Å"A Brief History of Time† is a best-seller of Stephens and has been made into a movie. In this book Stephen tries to explain physical and mathematical ideas and calculations without using math. And also a range of subjects in Cosmology including the Big Bang, black holes, light cones and superstring theory. â€Å"A Brief History in Time† stayed on the London Sunday Times est.-selling list for 237 weeks.Stephen has won many awards In his life. He has received the CUBE in 1982 and made Companion of Honor In 1989. 1974 Stephen was elected Fellow of the Royal Society he was one of the youngest to receive this award to date. Stephen is a known Atheists and his belief Is Science will win. With all of Stephens problems and disability he has not let this stop him. He continues to use his mind and remains a strong force In the Science field. References: * penguin Books USA Inc.

Learning Mandarin vs Cantonese

Learning Mandarin vs Cantonese Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Mainland China and Taiwan, but it is not the only language spoken in the Chinese world. Besides the regional variations of Mandarin, there are several Chinese languages which are mutually unintelligible with Mandarin. Cantonese is one of these languages. Cantonese is spoken in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, Hainan Island, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Malaysia and many overseas Chinese communities. Worldwide, there are about 66 million Cantonese speakers. Compare this with Mandarin, which is spoken by about 1 billion people worldwide. Of all languages, Mandarin is the most widely-spoken. Is It Better To Learn Cantonese? With 66 million speakers, Cantonese cannot be considered an impractical language to learn. If your main objective, however, is to do business or travel in Mainland China, you would be better off learning Mandarin. But if you want to do business in Hong Kong or Guangdong Province, is it better to learn Cantonese? Consider these points taken from hanyu.com: Cantonese has a lack of good learning materials.Cantonese does not have a standard Romanization system (like Pinyin for Mandarin). Yale Romanization is most commonly used in textbooks, but it is unknown to native Cantonese speakers.Cantonese is heard less often in Overseas Chinese communities as new Mandarin-speaking immigrants arrive from Mainland China. And Cantonese speakers are increasingly learning Mandarin to find work in Mainland China. So it seems as though Mandarin is more practical than Cantonese. That’s not to say that learning Cantonese is a waste of time, and for some people it may be the better choice, but for most people wanting to speak Chinese, Mandarin is the way to go.

How to Fix a Database Connection Error

How to Fix a Database Connection Error You use PHP and MySQL together seamlessly on your website. This one day, out of the blue, you get a database connection error. Although a database connection error could indicate a bigger problem, it is usually a result of one of a few scenarios: Everything Was Fine Yesterday You could connect yesterday and havent changed any code in your script. Suddenly today, its not working. This problem probably lies with your web host. Your hosting provider may have the databases offline for maintenance or because of an error. Contact your web server to see if that is the case and, if so, when they are expected to be back up. Oops! If your database is on a different URL than the PHP file you are using to connect to it, it could be that you let your ​domain name expire. Sounds silly, but it happens a lot. I Cant Connect to Localhost Localhost doesnt always work, so you need to point directly to your database. Often its something like mysql.yourname.com or mysql.hostingcompanyname.com. Replace localhost in your file with the direct address. If you need help, your web host can point you in the right direction. My Host Name Wont Work Double-check your username and password. Then, triple-check them. This is one area people often overlook, or they check so quickly they dont even notice their mistake. Not only do you need to check that your  credentials are correct, you should also make sure you have the correct permissions required by the script. For example, a read-only user cant add data to the database; write privileges are necessary. The Database Is Corrupt It happens. Now were entering the territory of a bigger problem. Of course, if you keep your database backed up regularly, youre going to be all right. If you know how to restore your database from a backup, by all means, go ahead and do it. However, if youve never done this, contact your web host for help. Repairing a Database in phpMyAdmin If you use phpMyAdmin with your database, you can repair it. Before you begin, make a backup of the database- just in case. Log in to your web server.Click the phpMyAdmin iconChoose the affected database. If you only have one database, it should be chosen it by default.In the main panel, you should see a list of the database tables. Click Check All.Choose Repair Table from the drop-down menu.

Congregation and the Urban Landscape of Milwaukee Assignment

Congregation and the Urban Landscape of Milwaukee - Assignment Example People have changed their lifestyles and migrated to urban areas in the hope of securing job employments so as to live a comfortable life (Judith et al,pp.4-7). a). Rent Gap refers to the differences that exist between the rent that households are paying currently and the possible optimum rent that the market has the potential to generate. Assuming that there is an a positive correlation between the median household income and the percentage of home ownership, then three consensus tracks likely to experience gentrification. They include; Fairfield, Tripoli Park and Brown Deer Park (Judith et al., pp.4-7.b. The most actively sought natural amenities in Milwaukee by developers include the presence of amenities such as water and food. Food is among the most fundamental needs that human beings require for survival. Development based on latent cultural capital intends to ensure that redevelopment of the area is based on the culture of the people in the area (Hoelscher et al, pp.5-7). c. The current housing policies in Milwaukee have enabled the middle and upper-class families to able to afford to purchase houses. On the contrary, the Black community has been isolated in house ownership as the current policies are unfavorable to them (Gartner, pp.5-7). d. The residential congregation concept is a social and economical idea. The settlement of human beings influences their social interactions and economic activities. Furthermore, human beings are social able in nature and interact with each other. Consequently, it is impossible to find people who are living in solitude and cannot interact with other races. Residential congregations also pull people together who identify the existing business opportunities. People who reside together have escalating needs that need to be. Consequently. The entrepreneurs cease the opportunities and start providing goods and services that meet the needs of customers (Gartner, pp.1-4). Hoelscher,

Evidence Based Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evidence Based - Research Paper Example In United States, the Card Vascular Disease (CVD) has become a serious cause of death, especially dangerous for the diabetic patients. The Card Vascular Disease (CVD) correlates with the different levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride contained particles. To increase the Card Vascular Disease (CVD), there are many types of lipids by containing those particles, which promote the plaque formation between the tissues (only transporting lipids are not harmful for the tissues) to increase the risk factors of diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are due to high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated level of triglyceride and low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (Runhua Hou, 2009). LDL-C level should be lowered to avoid CVD. The patients are treated with multiple drugs to achieve the goal of reducing its level 30% below the baseline. Some patients can be treated with single drug, but other needs more drugs including statins, bile acid sequestrants (BAS) and ezetimibe. Medical research has proved that there is positive relationship between Low Density Lipoprotein and the coronary heart disease. The nursing process to treat the patients has proved that the Statins drug is very beneficial for the heart patients to lower the disease risks. Statins are safe to use by mixing it with other drugs to benefit the patients for cholesterol-lowering therapy (Lawrence Baruch, 2008). Ezetimibe is mainly used to reduce the amount of lipids so also known as cholesterol absorption inhibitors. It blocks the passage of lipids through the intestine. Ezetimibe is used as monotherapy or it is combined with smvastatin (Lawrence Baruch, 2008).A high concentration of LDL-c causes hypercholesterolemia (hFL) and premature coronary heart diseases (Christos Pitsavos, 2008). Decreasing the level of LDL-C is the first requirement to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult

Politeness theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Politeness theory - Essay Example he same time also uses a variety of non-verbal communications such as through hand gestures, eye gaze (or specific types of eye contact known as oculesics), facial expressions (a smile or frown), touch or tactile messages (known as haptics), the approximate distance when speaking to another person (known as proxemics), and the speaking style used (together with the tone, pitch, volume, and rate of speaking the words such as harried, urgent, or demanding, known as prosody). It is collectively termed as kinesics or the study of body language (Birdwhistell, 2011). Modern civilization came about as the result of the use of sophisticated communications through verbal and non-verbal means; the spoken word, speech, and language are used to convey ideas and thoughts to other people. While this is a cultural universal (meaning it appears in all the cultures of the world), there are certain specific meanings or nuances involved in each type of culture where language is used. While kinesics is admittedly an important emerging field of study for sociologists, highly-evolved societies employ a variety of means to convey messages in a way that kinesics cannot. People in all cultures value the importance of a positive self-image as a way to structure the hierarchy in a society that in turn helps people to maintain harmony. When people interact with each other, it is the spoken word that is primarily used to aid in conveying a message but this process is a complex one as it involves both the speaker and the listener. Put differently, a speaker has to make a careful choice of words to ensure his listener is not put in a bad light or in a difficult situation; messages and their meaning must be conveyed in the right way to avoid unintentional embarrassment, possible conflict or undue misunderstanding which can harm interpersonal relationships and negate the very purpose of communication. This desire to maintain excellent social relationships gives rise to the concept of face or

White and Indian Relations between 1865 to 1900 Essay Example for Free

White and Indian Relations between 1865 to 1900 Essay Confrontations and conflicts between White American and Native American during the late eighteen hundreds become increasingly one sided. From ritual practices and beliefs to land ownership and government policy; Native Americans and there white contour parts differed greatly. Between 1865 to 1900 the White man and Native American relationships in western United States could be characterized as a horrible and miss leading rampage of white man destroying foreign customs and peoples. In 1862 Congress had granted western settlers their two greatest wishes, the Home Stead Act, promising ownership of 160 acre tract of public land to a citizen or head of a family who had resided on/ or cultivated the land for five years after initial claim and the transcontinental railroad. Bringing the developed east coast to the Wild West, was the catalyst to end of the Native American. Contributing factors for the demise of the Native American relationship between the White Man are shown through blood shed and tears. With new white settlers coming to the west, Native American lands shrunk significantly. In 1862 the lands of the Santee Sioux, near the Minnesota River had been whittled down so drastically, the Sioux decided to retaliate. The Sioux frustrations over lands lead to the one of the first of many large Native American wars with the White man. The Sioux War ended in 1868 with the signing of the Treaty of Fort Laramie, Which established two large Native American reservations. The Reservations where located in Oklahoma and Dakota Badlands. Only six years later Colonel George Armstrong Custer led an expedition into the Scared Black Hills of the Sioux. Like many U. S. government treaty’s to Native American, Custer violated of the treaty of 1868 and started the uproar and killings for the next ten years. After the effects of Custers Last Stand, the Native American resistance to the White Man came to a halt. By 1886 reformers recognized that the policy of containing Indians on reservations was not in the best interest. With good intentions congress upheld the Dawes Severalty act in 1887. It ended the reservation policy and encouraged Native Americans to intergrade into white society, as farmers and property owners. One of the major reasons why â€Å"The Dawes Act† did not with stand was due to the Native American concept of property. In many way the Native American and the White Man carry different moral and cultural beliefs. One of the more interesting concepts that Native Americans with held during early American years was the idea of landowner ship. Native American tribes where scattered all along the, now united stated and often reaching beyond present borders. Native American tribes also survived on migrating animals in the surrounding areas. Buffalo In the western United States was a food staple for many Native American tribes. Buffalo being a migrating animal, had to have been followed to be hunted. Leading most of Native Americans to be nomadic tribes following the buffalo herd. When the white settles came to Native Americans with the idea of land ownership many of the Native American tribes didnt agree with this new foreign concept. Native Americans thought that everyone should share land, and a single person cannot and should not own land. In 1879, the federal government attempted to Americanize Native Americans once again. This time through a more dramatic approach. Estimating around one thousand Native American youth where forced to study at one of the one hundred and fifty boarding schools around the United States. These schools taught Native American youth how to become socially accepted in white American. By changing culture styles with white American, and totally disregarding Native American life style. Not surprisingly most of the school did not last, due to the strict, internment camp Like conditions. Another advocator for peaceful integration among Native Americans into white society was a man named Richard Pratt. Pratt was famous for his idea of seeing Native Americans as, what one would call a â€Å"blank slate. † Meaning, just as everyone else, human. His ideas consist of full assimilation of white culture and disregarding years of Native American culture, for the betterment of the people. Kill the Indian, And Save the Man. This is one of his most famous piece on Native Americans assimilation. In 1890 the last great hope, the emergence of The Ghost Dance was a depiction from a medicine man, that all the dead Native American soldiers will come back to life and take vengeance on the new settled Americans. This Ghost Dance is the symbol for the end of the fight for the west. By the 1890 the Native American had to adapt to life within the boundaries set by white culture despite their valiant efforts of resistance. Bibliography Davidson, James West. Us: A Narrative History, Volume 2. 6th ed. Vol. 2. [S. l. ]: Mcgraw Hill Higher Educat, 2011. Print.

Psychological Effects Of Long :: essays research papers

The Psychological Effects of an Injury   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With every injury it is important to remember that the athlete will be affected mentally. Not all athletes will act identically to the same injury. Although research shows there are factors that are commonly seen among athletes going through adjustment to injury and rehabilitation. There are three reactive phases of the injury and rehab process. They are reaction to injury, reaction to rehabilitation, and reaction to return to competition or career termination. The reactions fall into four time frames: short term, long term, chronic, and termination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the scenario the athlete was diagnosed with a second degree ankle sprain. This would fall under the category of a long term injury. A long term injury is one where the rehabilitation time is longer than four weeks and may take up to a year. Some other examples of injuries in this category would be fractures, orthopedic and general surgeries, second and third degree sprain and strains, and debilitating injuries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the reaction to the injury itself, there is a primary reaction followed by a secondary reaction. With this ankle sprain, a common primary reaction is that of fear. This athlete can be afraid of many things ranging from them never getting better to never getting to play again to being afraid of the unknown. In order to conquer this fear the athletic trainer needs to help reassure the athlete about their injury. This can be done by presenting the truth about the injury and rehab process in a manner they can understand and gaining the athlete’s trust in the athletic trainer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A common secondary reaction is anger. During this time the athlete may have an angry or hostile attitude and the person around the athlete at the time often takes the force of the anger. It is usually just a release for the athlete not a personal attack on the trainer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This athlete will also have reactions to their rehabilitation. Loss of vigor and irrational thoughts are the primary reactions to long term rehab. The thing the trainer needs to be aware of at this point in time is that the loss of vigor can be masked as depression. The athlete experiencing loss of vigor will not have the same spirit as they usually do, but they will not have the common signs and symptoms of true depression. The athlete needs to understand that these feelings are normal as long as there are no signs of clinical depression.

A Farewell to Arms Essay: Changing Perspective of Religion

Changing Perspective of Religion in A Farewell to Arms In Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms, the main character, Lieutenant Fredric Henry, undergoes a dramatic change in perspective over the course of the novel. It is most interesting to see how the Lieutenant's views on religion change as he becomes more involved in the war. Â   Early in the novel, we are introduced to the Abruzzi. The Abruzzi is a town in Switzerland, of which Henry's friend, the priest, is very fond. His father lives there and it is, for the priest, a place of quiet solitude, religious freedom, and respect. He longs for the day when he can go and do God's work in his hometown: "in my country, it is understood that a man may love God. It is not a dirty joke"(Hemingway 71). Â  The priest offers Henry a chance to go to the Abruzzi and rest with his father. Henry declines, and instead decides to go to a whorehouse. At their next meeting though, Henry feels remorse about this decision. "I myself felt as badly as he did and could not understand why I had not gone. It was what I had wanted to do...and I ex...

Occupational Therapy Efficacy After Stroke Health And Social Care Essay

This meta analysis of the referenced surveies aim to measure efficaciousness of occupational therapy: whether it focused specifically on personal activities of day-to-day populating improves recovery for patients following shot and to cognize does.Occupational therapy aims to assist people make their maximal degree of map and independency in all facets of day-to-day life. Reviewing 07 surveies with 1178 participants, people who had a shot were more independent in personal activities of day-to-day life like feeding, dressing, bathing, toileting and traveling approximately and more likely to keep these abilities if they received intervention from an occupational healer after shot. Abstract ( around 200-250 words ) Aims A systematic reappraisal of surveies proving the effectivity of occupational therapy in station shot patient, focused specifically on personal activities of day-to-day populating improves recovery for patients following shot. Datas beginnings We searched EBSCOMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library ( 2000- 2010 ) . AMED: Choice standards Selection standards included surveies that used randomized controlled tests of an occupational therapy intercession compared to usual attention or no attention, where shot patients practiced personal activities of day-to-day life, or public presentation in activities of day-to-day life was the focal point of the occupational therapy intercession. Review methods A meta-analysis, utilizing a random effects theoretical account, of 24 programmes identified in 19 tests. Effect sizes were adjusted by reverse discrepancy weights to command for surveies ‘ sample sizes.Findings.Main ConsequenceWe identified 64 potentially eligible tests and included nine surveies ( 1258 participants ) . Occupational therapy intercessions reduced the odds of a hapless result ( Peto odds ratio 0.67 ( 95 % assurance interval ( CI ) 0.51 to 0.87 ; P = 0.003 ) . and increased personal activity of day-to-day life tonss ( standardised mean difference 0.18 ( 95 % CI 0.04 to 0.32 ; P = 0.01 ) . For every 11 ( 95 % CI 7 to 30 ) patients having an occupational therapy intercession to ease personal activities of day-to-day life, one patient was spared a hapless result.DecisionsPatients who receive occupational therapy intercessions are less likely to deteriorate and are more likely to be independent in their ability to execute personal activities of day-to- day life. However, the exact nature of the occupational therapy intercession to accomplish maximal benefit demands to be defined..Chapter 1: Introduction:The overall purpose of this meta analysis was to measure the effectivity of OT in station shot patient. Extensive literature hunt was done by turn uping published shot rehabilitation direction intercession surveies that measured personal activities of day-to-day populating results among stroke patient. Datas were extracted from survey studies which included intercessions designed to better station shot activities of patient. From WHO ‘s study of planetary load of shot it was found that Worldwide 15 1000000s people suffer a shot yearly. 5milloin of these dices and another 5 million are left for good disabled, doing load on household and community. High blood force per unit area and baccy usage are considered as a major hazard factor for shot ( WHO, 2010 ) . The World Health Organisation ( WHO ) defines Stroke as â€Å" a clinical syndrome of resumed vascular beginning, typified by quickly developing marks of focal or planetary perturbation of intellectual map enduring more so 24 hours or taking to decease † ( WHO, 1978 ) . The causes of shot can be classified as: IschaemicA cause: blood supply to encephalon stopped due to formation of blood coagulum. It causes 70 % of all instances. Haemorrhagic: A encephalon harm caused due to spliting of blood vas which supply blood to encephalon There is besides a related status known as aA transient ischemic attackA ( TIA ) , which affect 35 people per 100,000 of population each twelvemonth and is associated with a really high hazard of shot in the first month of event upto one twelvemonth ( Coull, et al. , 2004 ) . In transeunt ischaemic onslaught the blood supply to the encephalon is temporarily interrupted due to inadequate intellectual or optic blood supply which is due to low blood flow, thrombosis or intercalation. Symptoms last for less than 24hours doing a kind of ‘mini-stroke ‘ ( Hankey and Warlow, 1994 ) . The hazard of decease due to stroke depends on its type like TIA has the best result whereas obstruction of an arteria is more unsafe, with rupture of blood vass. It has found that even if state is holding progress engineering and installations 60 % people die or become dependent doing high cost of intervention ( WHO, 2010 ) . Those of Afro-Caribbean beginning are at increased hazard of holding a shot, and the figure of people affected by the status is higher among this cultural group than any other. This is because people of Afro-Caribbean beginning have a familial sensitivity ( a natural inclination ) to developing diabetes and bosom disease, which are two conditions that can do shots. Ischaemic shots occur when blood coagulums block the flow of blood to the encephalon. Blood coagulums typically form in countries where the arterias have been narrowed or blocked by fatty cholesterol-containing sedimentations known as plaques. This narrowing of the arterias is known asA coronary artery disease. As the age progresss, our arterias become narrower, but certain hazard factors can perilously speed up the procedure. Hazard factors include: smoke, high blood force per unit area ( high blood pressure ) , fleshiness, high cholesterin degrees ( frequently caused by a high-fat diet ) , and a household history of bosom disease or diabetes. Diabetess is besides a hazard factor, peculiarly if it is ill controlled, because the extra glucose in the blood can damage the arterias. Haemorrhagic shots occur when a blood vas in the encephalon explosions. The chief cause of this is high blood force per unit area ( high blood pressure ) , which can weaken the arterias in the encephalon and do them prone to divide or tear. The hazard factors for high blood force per unit area include: being overweight, imbibing inordinate sums of intoxicant, smoke, a deficiency of exercising, and emphasis, which may do a impermanent rise in blood force per unit area. A individual ‘s cultural group can besides be a hazard factor for high blood force per unit area. One-half of all people of black-African or Caribbean beginning who are over 40 old ages of age are likely to hold high blood force per unit area. Research has suggested this is because people of African beginning have an increased sensitiveness to the effects of salt, which can do their blood force per unit area to lift. A hemorrhagic shot can besides sometimes occur as a consequence of a traumatic caput hurt ( NHS Choices, 2008 ) . Every twelvemonth, an estimated 150,000 people in the UK have a shot. That is one individual every five proceedingss ( Office of National Statistics, 2001 ) .The encephalon harm caused by shots agencies that they are the largest cause of grownup disablement in the UK. Peoples who are over 65 old ages of age are most at hazard from holding shots, although 25 % of shots occur in people who are under 65 old ages of age. It is besides possible for kids to hold shots ( NHS Choices, 2008 ) . Around 1000 people under 30 have a shot each twelvemonth. Stroke can ensue in many different disablements runing from motor control and urinary incontinency to depression and memory loss. Disablement has been conceptualized by the universe wellness organisation in footings organ disfunction ( damages ) , disablement ( trouble with undertaking ) , and disability ( societal disadvantage ) ( Post shot rehabilitation, 1995 ) . The analysis of cost of unwellness of shot by Saka et Al ( 2009 ) has found that shot has greater impact on economic system of UK, as intervention of and productivity loss originating due to stroke cost ?8.9 billion a twelvemonth. In which intervention cost is about 5 % of entire UK NHS costs. Direct attention including diagnosing, inmate attention and outpatient attention histories for about 50 % of the sum, informal attention costs 27 % and the indirect costs that is cost ensuing from premature decease due to stroke is 24 % . This survey concluded that chronic stage of shot is most dearly-won and hence suggested better apprehension of long-run attention in footings of its effectivity and cost-effectiveness is necessary. Due to stroke one side of the organic structure may be paralyzed or the musculuss on the affected side may weaken. After shot intervention is comprise of attention and rehabilitation ( Post shot rehabilitation, 1995 ) . During the period of acute inmate attention, patient will have rehabilitation and attention input from a assortment of qualified and unqualified nursing and allied wellness staff. It is hence of import that all staff should be familiar with the effects of shot, and able to efficaciously pull off jobs associating to stroke suitably within their functions. The effects of shot are manifold ; every bit good as the more seeable physical jobs ; stroke subsisters will probably hold a figure of emotional, cognitive, and communicating jobs ( Ross et al, 2009 ) Research shows that patients benefit from intervention in stroke units in the ague and rehabilitation stages ( Indredavik, 2008 ) . Rehabilitation is the procedure of get the better ofing or larning to get by with the harm the shot has caused. It is about acquiring back to normal life and accomplishing the best degree of independency by: relearning accomplishments and abilities ; larning new accomplishments ; accommodating to some of the restrictions caused by a shot ; and happening societal, emotional and practical support at place and in the community. The benefits of shot rehabilitation bundles are good documented ( SUTC, 2000 ) but small is known about the efficaciousness of the assorted constituents of such intercessions. Rehabilitation requires multidisciplinary attack affecting healer ( physical healer, speech healer, and occupational healer ) , physicians, psychologist and societal workers. Occupational healer teaches the patient day-to-day life accomplishments and how to utilize populating AIDSs such as Walkers or bathroom grab bars ( shot rehabilitation, 2010 ) . After stroke life become hard due to disablement caused by it. shot have high morbidity rates which means that patient with shot suffer from both mental and physical disablement following shot. It is the taking cause of lower quality of life in grownups. Rehabilitation offers a opportunity to reconstruct quality of life after shot. Brain damaged caused due to stroke can non be healed but rehabilitation helps a patient in keeping bing abilities and supply scheme for managing disablements cause by shot. Stroke intervention depends on clip continuance after shot, hazard factor that may impact intervention. Depending on these factors stroke intervention include blood dilutant medicine which can fade out a blood coagulum, or encephalon surgery for rupture blood vas. Rehabilitation after shot Begins after acute intervention. It helps in relearning the accomplishments lost due to stroke and counterbalancing for disablement caused by shot. It stroke includes memory rehabilitation, linguistic communication rehabilitation and emotional rehabilitation, motor and centripetal control rehabilitation ( Healthtree, 2010 ) . Functional damage following acute unwellnesss -such as shot – often have terrible physical effects for grownup and older patients ( Desrosiers, 2003 ) . Occupational therapy is an indispensable constituent for the rehabilitation of handicapped patients, holding a broad scope of intercessions available to help individuals towards independency ( cup, 2003 ) . The end of occupational therapy is to reconstruct functional independency when possible and to ease psychosocial accommodation to residuary disablement ( Landi, 2006 ) . The doctrine of occupational therapy is founded on the construct of business as a cardinal component of wellness and wellbeing. Practice in societal attention services embraces the societal theoretical account of disablement and is based on holistic and person-centered attention, stressing the publicity of autonomy and resourcefulness ( College of Occupational Therapists, 2008 ) . The Occupational therapy is normally used in the station shot patients by an occupational healer with the specific purpose of easing personal activities of day-to-day life to better the results for patients following shot. Different tests have been conducted in different states to turn out the effectivity of occupational therapy but there is deficiency of grounds proposing that occupational therapy intercessions can cut down the likeliness of such impairment and better patients ‘ ability to execute personal activities of day-to-day life. Therefore the purpose of this Meta analysis is to measure the efficaciousness of occupational therapy on shot rehabilitation. The chief purpose of occupational therapy ( OT ) is to keep, reconstruct or make a lucifer beneficial to the person between the abilities of the individual, the demands of his or her businesss and the demands of the environment ( Creek, 2003 ) Activity and engagement restrictions in shot typically diminish wellness and well-being As a consequence, betterment of functional abilities, betterment of engagement in society and an increased quality of life are of import results of OT intervention ( Steultjens, 2005 ) . Historically, several intervention attacks have been introduced and adopted by physical and occupational healers. The shot rehabilitation methods adopted by healers vary widely depending on their background cognition, clinical experience, clinical accomplishments, and personal penchants [ 6-9 ] . The handiness of a overplus of intervention methods shows that shot rehabilitation patterns are continually germinating. Previous surveies conducted in the United Kingdom used studies to find common intervention patterns in stroke rehabilitation among physical healers [ 10-11 ] . The consequence of the survey by Landi et Al. ( 2006 ) shows that patients with shot who received the combined plan of physical and occupational therapy had a greater degree of independency in activities of day-to-day life over a period of 8 hebdomads than patients who did non. It has been found from the Cochrane reappraisal of benefits of shot rehabilitation that it reduces about 22 % in decease or dependence and these benefits are more outstanding under and over 75 old ages of age, in both sexes. Length of infirmary stay is besides reduced due to early rehabilitation ( Scots intercollegiate guidelines web, 2002 ) . Stroke is a complex status where cognition base is continuously increasing. There is changeless progress in apprehension of the status, appraisal and intercession techniques. Occupational healers are a critical constituent in the rehabilitation of patient with this status ( Edmans, 2000 ) . Occupational healer work with persons who have conditions that are physically, mentally, developmentally, or emotionally disenabling. They help them develop, retrieve, keep day-to-day life and work accomplishments. The end of occupational healer is to assist their client have independent, fulfilling and productive lives ( Weeks and Zona, 2000 ) .Chapter 2: The Literature SearchChoice standards – brief description of the chief elements of the inquiry under consideration. This is subdivided into: Types of surveies – eg: RCT ‘s Types of participants – the population of involvement. This subdivision may include inside informations of diagnostic standards, if desired or appropriate. Types of intercessions – the chief intercession under consideration and any comparing interventions. Types of result steps – any result measures/endpoints ( for illustration, decrease in symptoms ) that are considered of import by the referee, defined in progress ; non merely outcome steps really used in tests.Definition of Occupational therapyWorld federation of occupational healer ( 2004 ) define Occupational therapy as a profession concerned with advancing wellness and good being through business. The primary end of occupational therapy is to enable people to take part in the activities of mundane life. Occupational healers achieve this result by enabling people to make things that will heighten their ability to take part or by modifying the environment to better support engagement. The hunt scheme for systematic reappraisals of the efficaciousness of OT has identifies randomised test comparing occupational therapy with other intercession or no intercession. It has been done by seeking EBSCO host research database from 2000-2010. The other beginnings are Google Scholar and The Occupational Therapy Research Index and Dissertation Abstracts registry, scanned mention lists of relevant articles, relevant diaries. ( 1999-2010 ) . Fifty-three surveies were identified and abstracted. Four surveies reported entire haemorrhagic shot as the result, which includes intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage.4,7,10,11 None of the surveies reported information on subdural hemorrhagic shots. We have used the term hemorrhagic stroke throughout the article. Two studies consisted of the same instance patients but different controls and were treated as 2 separate surveies. 23,24 From the 53 surveies, 18 were farther excluded for assorted grounds. Two surveies were excluded because combined hazard estimations were reported for work forces and adult females but degrees of intoxicant ingestion were non the same for work forces as for women.49,50 We excluded 5 surveies that examined merely the consequence of orgy imbibing or acute intoxicant ingestion ( within 24 hours before shot ) 51-55 because our survey assessed accustomed intoxicant ingestion and comparative hazard of shot. Five surveies that lacked sufficient informations for computation of comparative hazard estimations were excluded.56-60 The staying 6 excluded studies did non utilize ascetics as the mention group.61-66 We included 19 cohort surveies and 16 instance control surveies in our concluding analysisTypes of surveiesThis survey included randomized controlled tests of shot patients having an occupational therapy intercession provided by an occupational healer. All of the selected surveies intend to better personal activities of day-to-day life compared to usual attention or no attention in station shot patient. If big randomized tests are impractical, we have to pull the most dependable decisions from smaller tests. Unfortunately, the conventional attack, the narrative reappraisal is undependable. Conventional reappraisal normally fails to specify the reappraisal inquiry, to guarantee that all relevant tests are explicitly based on the grounds. Systematic reappraisals set out to better upon narrative reappraisals by using scientific methods to the reappraisal of the research grounds ( Langhorne, et al. , 2008 ) .Types of participants:This survey included the test if the participant of the survey met the clinical definition of shot as defined by WHO â€Å" a clinical syndrome of resumed vascular beginning, typified by quickly developing marks of focal or planetary perturbation of intellectual map enduring more so 24 hours or taking to decease † . All of the included surveies have given clear inclusion standards. They include participant on the footing of clinical diagnosing, except Sa ckley et Al ( 2006 ) included occupants with moderate to severe stroke-related disablement by utilizing Barthel Activity of Daily Living Index mark ( BI score 4 to 15 inclusive ) . Participants with other acute unwellness are excluded from the surveies.Types of intercession:In this survey tests are include if they have following characteristics: aˆ? Occupational therapy intercession which specially focused on activities of day-to-day life and tried to better their personal activities of day-to-day life. aˆ? The tests are included in which control group receives normal attention or no intercession. aˆ? Interventions are provided under the supervising of qualified occupational healer. The survey by Sackley et Al ( 2006 ) has developed an intercession by utilizing bing grounds with the aid of a group of adept occupational healers delivered on single degree. The period of intercession was three month which include occupational therapy and carer instruction, wherasINCLUSION CRITEIA:Researcher included surveies that used randomized or controlled clinical designs, of an occupational therapy intercession, compared to usual attention or no attention. In which stroke patient ‘s public presentation in footings of activities of day-to-day life was the focal point of the occupational therapy intercessionDatas beginningsSelected database is EBSCO host web research database this aggregation of databases provide entree to cardinal diaries, many holding links to full text diary articles. It contains assorted databases as follow: AMED British Nursing Index CINHAL plus with full text Medline with full text SocINDEX with full text The other beginnings are Google Scholar and The Occupational Therapy Research Index and Dissertation Abstracts registry, scanned mention lists of relevant articles, relevant diaries. ( 1999-2010 ) ( See Appendix 1 ) .Cardinal words or term used in literature huntKilowatts: Stroke in Title Rehabilitation in Abstract Randomised controlled trail in AbstractChoice standardsTime frame: 2000-2010 Randomized controlled test Language or national context: English linguistic communication merely Main focal point of paper: Stroke rehabilitation Peer reviewed diary merely National and international surveies.Types of result stepThe out come step are that reflected the alteration in personal activities of day-to-day life in shot patient after having occupational therapyPrimary result( 1 ) Performance in personal activities of day-to-day life ( pADL including: eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, simple mobility and transportations ) at the terminal of scheduled follow up. ( 2 ) Death or a hapless result. Death or a hapless result is defined as the combined result of being dead or: aˆ? holding deteriorated, characterised by sing a impairment in ability to execute personal activities of day-to-day life ( that is, sing a bead in pADL mark ) ; or aˆ? being dependent, characterised by lying above or below a pre-defined cut-off point on a given pADL graduated table ; or aˆ? necessitating institutional attention at the terminal of scheduled follow up.Secondary results of involvement( 1 ) Death at the terminal of scheduled follow up ( 2 ) Number of patients dead or physically dependent at the terminal of scheduled follow up ( 3 ) Number of patients dead or necessitating institutional attention at the terminal of scheduled follow up ( 4 ) Performance in drawn-out activities of day-to-day life ( community and domestic activities ) at the terminal of scheduled follow up ( 5 ) Patient temper at the terminal of scheduled follow up ( 6 ) Patient subjective wellness position or quality of life at the terminal of scheduled follow up ( 7 ) Carer temper at the terminal of scheduled follow up ( 8 ) Carer subjective wellness position or quality of life at the terminal of scheduled follow up ( 9 ) Patient and carer satisfaction with services We aimed to enter results that reflected resource usage ( that is the figure of admittances to hospital, figure of yearss in infirmary, AIDSs and contraptions provided, figure of staff required per caseload ) . Search methods for designation of surveies See: ‘Specialized registry ‘ subdivision in Cochrane Stroke Group Occupational therapy Secondary resultExclusion Standards:Documents excluded from the reappraisal were plants that focused preponderantly upon: Stroke rehabilitation surveies before 2000. Which are non published surveies Which are other than English linguistic communicationResearch DesignA meta-analysis, by utilizing quantitative methods such as a random effects theoretical account, of 7 randomized controlled test identified literature hunt.Analysis of DatasResearcher will analyze binary results with a fixed-effect theoretical account, as odds ratios ( OR ) with 95 % assurance intervals ( CI ) . For uninterrupted results, a random-effects theoretical account will be used to take history of statistical heterogeneousness. As there is some heterogeneousness between the tests in footings of their design, continuance of follow up and choice standards for patients. Researcher will execute an purpose to handle analysis to cut down potentialA prejudices in footings of followup, publication, and describing prejudice associated withA pull outing informations from published studies. Publication prejudice will be assessed withA a rank correlativity trial and a funnel secret plan. Systematic reappraisals show that occupational therapy increases functional ability and/or societal engagement in aged people and in patients with shot or rheumatoid arthritis. For patients with progressive neurological diseases, intellectual paralysis or mental illnesses the efficaciousness of occupational therapy is still ill-defined because high-quality surveies are missing.Chapter 3 – MethodologyJustification of methodological attack – qualitative or quantitative Methods of the reappraisal – description of how surveies eligible for inclusion in the reappraisal were selected, how their quality was assessed, how informations were extracted from the surveies ( evaluated ) , how informations were analysed, whether any subgroups were studied or whether any sensitiveness analyses were carried out, A major challenge with shot rehabilitation is that the intercession itself is likely to be really complex and non uniform. Any intercession developed by healer or multidisciplinary squad will affect many constituents which may interact in different ways. It is likely that these intercessions may a mixture of both effectual and uneffective elements so it is of import that we are cognizant of variableness between the different tests and we explore this variableness when analysing the consequence ( Langhorne, et al. , 2008 ) .Chapter 4 – The SurveiesDescription of surveies – how many surveies were found, what were their inclusion standards, how large were they, etc. ? Methodological quality of included surveies – were at that place any grounds to doubt the decisions of any surveies because of concerns about the survey quality?4.1 Features of included surveies:Features of included surveiesSurveyMethodParticipantsInterventionResultCindy 2004 HongKong Pretest and posttest randomized control test design -53 participants -Age: 55 old ages or older. -Mean age: 72.1 -With primary diagnosing of shot -Living at place Intervention group received extra home-based intercession in the usage of devices instantly after discharge, but the control group did non. Subjects were assessed by 1.Functional Independence Measure and 2. The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology. Gilbertson, 2000. Glassgow Single blind randomised controlled test. -138 participants -Mean age: 71 -with clinical diagnosing of shot -were admitted to Glasgow royal hospital NHS trust were Intervention group received 6wk domiciliary programme and control group received included inmate multidisciplinary Rehabilitation. Subjects were assessed by 1.Nottingham drawn-out activities of day-to-day populating graduated table 2. Barthel activities of day-to-day populating index. Landi, 2004 USA -50 Participants -Mean age: 78.3 – With primary diagnosing of ischaemic shot Intervention group received received 8 hebdomads of a combined rehabilitation plan based on occupational therapy and physical therapy received no input from the occupational healers Subjects were assessed by -MDS-PAC – ADL graduated table Logan,2004 United kingdom Randomised controlled test. -168 participants -Mean age: 74 – clinical diagnosing of shot in old 36 months Intervention group received cusps with appraisal and up to seven intercession Sessionss by an occupational healer. Control group received cusps depicting local conveyance services for handicapped people -Postal questionnaires – Nottingham extended activities of day-to-day populating graduated table, Nottingham leisure questionnaire, and general wellness questionnaire. Parker,2000 United kingdom Multicentre randomized controlled test. -466 Participants -Mean age: 72 .Randomization was done in three groups. two intervention groups received occupational therapy intercessions at place for up to six months after enlisting. The General Health Questionnaire ( 12 point ) , the Nottingham Extended ADL Scale and the Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire Logan,2004 United kingdom Randomised controlled test with hidden allotment and blinded appraisal. -168 Participants -Mean age:74 -patients with a clinical diagnosing of shot in the old 36 months Control group received one session consisting of advice, encouragement, and the proviso of cusps depicting local mobility services. intercession group received the cusps plus occupational therapy appraisal and up to seven intercession Sessionss for up to 3 months. Primary result was self-report, Secondary results were 1-self-report of the figure of journeys out-of-doorss in the past month, 2-Nottingham drawn-out activities of day-to-day populating graduated table, 3-Nottingham leisure questionnaire. 4-general wellness questionnaire. Sackley,2006 United kingdom bunch randomized controlled test -118 Participant -Residents with moderate to severe stroke-related disablement – Residents with acute unwellness and those admitted for end-of-life attention. Occupational therapy was provided to intervention group but included carer instruction. control group received usual attention 1-Barthel Activity of Daily Living Index ( BI ) tonss 2-Rivermead Mobility Index.Features of intercession included in surveyWriterSample sizeinterventincontrolconsentRandomization itemPutingCindy 2004 HongKongMeterFGilbertson, 2000. GlassgowMeterFLandi, 2004 USAMeterFLogan,2004 United kingdomMeterFParker,2000 United kingdomMeterFLogan,2004 United kingdomMeterFLogan,2004 United kingdomMeterFChapter 5 Findingss / ConsequencesWhat do the information show? The synthesis of consequences – thematic analysis or statistical analysis. Accompanied by a graph to demo a meta-analysis, if this was carried out.Chapter 6 – DiscussionInterpretation and appraisal of consequences.Chapter 7 – DecisionSubdivided into Deductions for pattern and Implications for research. Stroke patients who receive occupational therapy focused on personal activities of day-to-day life, as opposed to no everyday occupational therapy, are more likely to be independent in those activities. Restrictions of the survey It is hard to plan and carry on high quality clinical tests of rehabilitation. First, the cover of therapies from patient and healer is hard, therefore allowing the debut of prejudice, peculiarly when the individual supplying the intercession is besides the individual making the research, as is the instance with many of the surveies in this reappraisal. Second, while usual or standard attention is recognised as an appropriate control, this may include intercessions that promote activities, which potentially reduces the estimation of the intercession effect.21 Third, it is more hard to obtain credence of randomization in an inmate scene, peculiarly where an occupational therapy service is already established. We excluded four tests that compared one occupational therapy intercession within an active concurrent control arm provided in inpatient scenes as they did non supply an unconfounded estimation of effect.w1-w4 Finally, tests of rehabilitation intercessions typically have drawn-ou t follow-up periods with a hazard of survey dropout. This makes executing a true purpose to handle analysis with complex tonss such as the Barthel index problematic as it is hard to hit for losing participants. Despite these possible concerns, nevertheless, the quality of the included tests was by and large good and the consequences were consistent between tests. Occupational therapy is a complex intercession. Practice includes skilled observation ; the usage of standardized and non-standardised appraisals of the biological, psychiatric, societal, and environmental determiners of wellness ; elucidation of the job ; preparation of individualized intervention ends ; and the bringing of a set of individualized job work outing intercessions. While we are confident that all the intercessions in this reappraisal were consistent with this wide construct of occupational therapy, we recognise that the exact nature of the intercessions in each survey differed harmonizing to the type of patient, the expertness of the healer, and the resources available. The intercessions tested were likely provided by experts and non peculiarly constrained by twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours service factors. Our reappraisal did non compare occupational therapy with alternate rehabilitation intercessions, nor did it analyze the consequence of occupational therapy c ombined with other intercessions.Reference List of Included Studies:Chiu, W. , Y. and Man, D. W. K. , 2004. The consequence of developing older grownups with shot to utilize home-based assistive devices. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com/ehost/resultsadvanced? [ Accessed 12th July 10 ] Gilbertson, L. , et al. , 2000. Domiciliary occupational therapy for patients with shots discharged from infirmary: a randomized controlled test. BMJ [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com/ehost/resultsadvanced? [ Accessed 12th July 10 ] Francesco, L. , et al. , 2006. Effectss of an Occupational Therapy Program on Functional Outcomes in Older Stroke Patients [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com/ehost/resultsadvanced? [ Accessed 12th July 10 ] Logan, P. , et al. , 2004 Randomised controlled test of an occupational therapy intercession to increase out-of-door mobility after shot [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ebscohost.com/ehost/resultsadvanced? [ Accessed 12th July 10 ] Parker, C. , J. et al. , 2001. A multicentre randomized controlled test of leisure therapy and conventional occupational therapy after shot. 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Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovasculer Disease [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.strokejournal.org/article/S1052-3057 ( 04 ) 00070-9/abstract [ Accessed 21st July 10 ] British Heart Foundation, 2005. Coronary Heart Disease statistics. London. British Heart Foundation [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heartstats.org/uploads/documents48160_text_05_06_07 [ Accessed 21st July 10 ] College of Occupational Therapy. 2004. What is occupational therapy? [ Online ] Available at: www.cot.org.uk [ Accessed 18th July 10 ] . College of Occupational Therapists ( 2008 ) COT place statement: the value of occupational therapy and its part to adult societal service users and their carers London: College of Occupational Therapists Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mayden.co.uk/house/apps/doclibrary/documents/pdf/ [ Accessed 18th July 10 ] . Coull, A. , Lovett, J. , and Rothwell, P. , 2004. 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Effectss of an Occupational Therapy Program on Functional Outcomes in Older Stroke Patients Gerontology 2006 ; 52:85-91 Langhorne, Peter, D. , Martin, 2008. Stroke Unit of measurements: An grounds based attack John Wiley & A ; Sons, Ltd NHS Choices, 2008. Stroke [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Stroke/Pages/Complications.aspx [ Accessed 20th July 10 ] Office of National Statistics, 2001. Stroke incidence and hazard factor in a population based cohort survey. Health statistics quarterly [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/article.asp? ID=1512 & A ; Pos=8 & A ; ColRank= [ Accessed 20th July 10 ] Ross, J. Barton, J. , and Read, J. 2009. Staff in-service preparation on post-stroke psychological and communicating issues Sakai, O. , Mcguire, A. and Wolfe, C. Cost of shot in the United Kingdom [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //ageing.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/1/27.full.pdf+html [ Accessed 20th July 10 ] Scots intercollegiate Guideline Network, 2002. Management of patients with shot: Rehabilitation, bar and direction of complication, and discharge planning. A national clinical guideline [ Online ] Available at: www.sign.ac.uk [ Accessed thirtieth September 10 ] Steultjens EMJ, Dekker J, Bouter Leemirjise, Cornelia, H. M. , 2006. Evidence of the efficaciousness of occupational therapy in different conditions: an overview of systematic reappraisals Stroke rehabilitation, 2008 Available at: www.stroke.org.uk [ Accessed 20th July 10 ] [ SUTC ] Stroke Unit Trialists ‘ Collaboration. Organised inmate ( stroke unit ) attention for shot. 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Carr JH, Mungovan SF, Shepherd RB, Dean CM, Nordholm LA. Physiotherapy in shot rehabilitation: Bases for Australian physical therapists ‘ pick of intervention. Physiother Theory Pract. 1994 ; 10 ( 4 ) :201-9. 8.Sackley CM, Lincoln NB. Physiotherapy intervention for shot patients: A study of current pattern. Physiother Theory Pract. 1996 ; 12 ( 2 ) :87-96. 9. DeGangi GA, Royeen CB. Current pattern among Neuro Developmental Treatment Association members. Am J Occup Ther. 1994 ; 48 ( 9 ) :803-9. [ PMID: 7526690 ] 10. Lennon S. Physiotherapy pattern in shot rehabilitation: A study. Disabil Rehabil. 2003 ; 25 ( 9 ) :455-61. [ PMID: 12745940 ] 11. Lennon S, Baxter D, Ashburn A. Physiotherapy based on the Bobath construct in shot rehabilitation: A study within the UK. D HL4066 Meta Analysis Practical This is a ego directed survey and practical. It gives the chance to rehearse meta analysis accomplishments which may be utile if you decide to utilize that methodological analysis in your concluding thesis. Read the information on Wolf in the meta analysis booklet Decide on a subject that you would wish to look into, place a research inquiry ( note this does non hold to be an original inquiry but it may assist your thesis and profileif it was Determine your hunt standards Determine your inclusion standards What type of informations will you pull out? Design a information extraction signifier Carry out a hunt, using your key words and inclusion standards Identify between 4 and 10 surveies to include in your meta analysis Decide what package you will utilize and obtain a transcript either by purchase, download or Cadmium from a book Extract your informations utilizing the information extraction signifier you have designed Input your informations to your package Trial for heterogeneousness Decide what theoretical account you are traveling to utilize based on the consequence of the heterogeneousness trial Carry out the analysis Trial for prejudice Meta Analysis Resources Cochrane Handbook 2009 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cochrane-handbook.org/ The Cochrane Collaboration Open Learning Material hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cochrane-net.org/openlearning/HTML/mod0-3.htm Leandro, G ( 2005 ) Meta-analysis in Medical Research: The enchiridion for the apprehension and pattern of meta-analysis. BMJ Books Easy to read book with Meta analysis package Software A figure of commercial and free packages are available. Below is a choice but hunt cyberspace for more. Meta analysis 5.3 written by Ralph Schwarzer hypertext transfer protocol: //userpage.fu-berlin.de/~health/meta_e.htm MIX 1.7 Can be used with Excel hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mix-for-meta-analysis.info/ Stat pages reviews a figure of free packages hypertext transfer protocol: //statpages.org/javasta2.html Revman hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cc-ims.net/revman Interpret your resultsisabil Rehabil. 2001 ; 23 ( 6 ) :254-62. Researcher ID is: F-7307-2010 ( for rahila )